The borders, except near the Mediterranean coast, For example, female migrants were subjected to debt bondage as they worked to repay smuggling debts through domestic servitude, forced begging, and forced prostitution. Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. The governments actions included harassment of some critics; arbitrary enforcement of vaguely worded laws; informal pressure on publishers, editors, advertisers, and journalists; and control of an estimated 20 percent of the countrys advertising money and printing capabilities. translate the Arabic "baladiyah," but they're essentially the same thing.). FraudLabsPro.com 70-3-30A D'Piazza Mall, Jalan Mahsuri, 11950 Bayan Baru, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia A person released from custody following a dismissal or acquittal may apply to a civil commission to seek compensation from the government for particular and particularly severe harm caused by pretrial detention. )biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Exploiters of child labor used methods allegedly learned via the internet to increase their mistreatment of children. Former president Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of the military, won the presidency in 1999 in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud, and won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Additionally, the law prescribes up to 20-year imprisonment for the accused, depending on the severity of injuries. )expenditures: 70.2 billion (2017 est. According to UNHCRs March report on Sahrawi refugees in Tindouf, the government protected a significant number of refugees in five camps in Tindouf and a smaller urban refugee population, primarily in Algiers. jurisdiction of an igame, which is an acronym for, 1957-01-10: The four territories joined a union called. Since the subdivision Algeria since December 18, 2019, is divided into 58 wilayas ().Prior to December 18, 2019, there were 48 provinces. The 58 provinces are divided into 1541 baladiyahs (municipalities).The capital city of a baladiyah, dara, or province, always gives those entities their name, even Algiers, the capital of the country gave it its name (El Djazayar, the Arabic name for both the city and the country). Should the detention be overturned, the defendant has the right to request compensation. In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review. The government did not grant UNHCR access to these reception centers but reported that by 2016 most Syrians no longer used the centers. The government increased efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenders and to identify and provide protection services to trafficking victims, including those subject to forced labor. 1870-10-24: By decree No. The General Directorate of National Security (DGSN) stated that it received 131 complaints of violence or threats by officers and conducted 163 investigations into those threats. the ANP has played a large role in the countrys politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKAs election in ANEP stated that it sought to preserve a pluralistic press and freedom of information and noted that it funded opposition newspapers. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. note: data are in current year dollars$54.259 billion (2019 est. A separate law provides for up to three years imprisonment for publications that may harm the national interest or up to one year for defaming or insulting the president, parliament, army, or state institutions. Pursuant to the constitution, all parties must have a national base. The electoral law adopted by parliament in 2016 requires parties to have received 4 percent of the vote in the preceding election or to collect 250 signatures in the electoral district in order to appear on the ballot. parts of the Tunisian and Moroccan borders are still in dispute. These penalties are neither sufficiently stringent nor commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes. Twelve new arrondissements created, making a total of 32. The constitution provides for the right of peaceful assembly, but the government continued to curtail this right. Local and international NGOs asserted that police impunity was a problem. Men held a large percentage of positions of authority in government and the private sector. The Ministry of Religious Affairs required that couples present a government-issued marriage certificate before permitting imams to conduct religious marriage ceremonies. There were isolated reports that children were subjected to commercial sexual exploitation. wilaya). Sahrawi refugees lived predominantly in five camps near the city of Tindouf, administered by the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario). Community members said that obtaining legal assistance was also a challenge due to similar discrimination. The minimum legal age for employment is 16, but younger children may work as apprentices with permission from their parents or legal guardian. Penalties for noncompliance include a prison sentence of two to six months and a fine ranging from DZD 100,000 to DZD 200,000 ($850 to $1,701) and DZD 200,000 to DZD 500,000 ($1,701 to $4,251) for repeat offenders. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the government repatriated 35,113 Nigeriens (including 16,478 women and children) from December to August, pursuant to a bilateral agreement at the request of the Nigerien government. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. The law provides that foreigners may be required to furnish bail as a condition of release on provisional liberty status, while Algerian citizens may be released on provisional liberty without posting bail. One of the smaller areas of land can be called a state or a province. )$496.547 billion (2019 est. The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. The law mandates that online news outlets must inform the government of their activities but does not require them to request authorization to operate. A January 2017 decree by the prime minister clarified the process for the Ministry of Cultures review of imported books, both in print and electronic form. tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List Algeria does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government made key achievements during the reporting period, therefore Algeria was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; authorities identified more trafficking victims, increased investigations and prosecutions, while continuing to convict traffickers; Algeria partnered with international organizations to train officials and conduct public awareness campaigns; however, government identification of and services for victims remained insufficient; authorities continued to punish some potential victims for unlawful acts traffickers compelled them to commit (2022)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims; Algerian women and girls are vulnerable to sex trafficking due to financial problems or after running away from home; undocumented sub-Saharan migrants are vulnerable to labor and sex trafficking and are exploited in restaurants, houses, and informal worksites; sub-Saharan men and women needing more funds for their onward journey to Europe work illegally in construction and commercial sex and are vulnerable to sex trafficking and debt bondage; foreign women and girls, mainly from sub-Saharan Africa, are subject to sex trafficking in bars and informal brothels; criminal begging rings that exploit sub-Saharan African migrant children are common and reportedly increasing (2022), total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). The law provides for collective bargaining by all unions, and the government permitted the exercise of this right for authorized unions. The law does not explicitly prohibit discrimination with respect to employment based on sexual orientation, HIV-positive status, or religion. With this summons, police may hold a suspect for no more than 48 hours. These groups targeted security services personnel in periodic but small-scale attacks. The government monitored certain email and social media sites. 1956-06-28: The three northern departments of 1955 were restored and given the status of igamies. Although ANEP said in September that it represented only 19 percent of the total advertising market, nongovernmental sources assessed the majority of daily newspapers depended on ANEP-authorized advertising to finance their operations. Prescribed penalties under this statute range from three to 20 years imprisonment, which were sufficiently stringent and commensurate with those prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. Religious workers reported that they had access to prisoners during the year and authorities allowed detainees access to religious observance. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.5% (2021 est. The CNDH has budget autonomy and the constitutional responsibility to investigate alleged human rights abuses, officially comment on laws proposed by the government, and publish an annual report. Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia, total: 2,381,740 sq kmland: 2,381,740 sq kmwater: 0 sq km, slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas, total: 6,734 kmborder countries (6): Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm, arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer, mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain, highest point: Tahat 2,908 mlowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 mmean elevation: 800 m, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc, agricultural land: 17.4% (2018 est. which in turn were subdivided into communes. ), total population: 78.03 yearsmale: 76.57 yearsfemale: 79.57 years (2022 est. Women enjoyed rights equal to those of men concerning property ownership, and property titles listed female landowners names. The ministrys Media Directorate is responsible for issuing and renewing accreditations to foreign media outlets operating in the country. In nonfelony cases and in cases of individuals held on charges of terrorism and other subversive activities that exceed a 12-day period plus any authorized extension, the law calls for the release of suspects on provisional liberty, referred to as judicial control, while awaiting trial. Opposition candidate Benflis rejected the results and claimed that fraud marred the elections. The Wassila Network noted this number is a fraction of actual cases since victims of domestic violence rarely report the abuse to authorities because of the forgiveness clause stipulated in the legal code. Birth registration: The mother or father may transmit citizenship and nationality. Authorities also use summonses to notify and require the accused and the victim to attend a court proceeding or hearing. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est. )from consumed natural gas: 93.414 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )$59.434 billion (31 December 2020 est. The president serves as the president of the High Judicial Council, which is responsible for the appointment, transfer, promotion, and discipline of judges. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. Algeria covers an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), making it the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa. With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the ninth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. Postal codes: Algeria uses five-digit postal codes. Representatives of the National Autonomous Union for Public Administration Personnel (SNAPAP) stated that the union continued to function without official status. If authorities need more than 48 hours to gather additional evidence, they may extend a suspects authorized time in police detention with the prosecutors authorization in the following cases: if charges pertain to an attack on data processing systems, they may extend the time in detention once; if charges relate to state security, they may do so twice; for charges concerning drug trafficking, organized and transnational crime, money laundering, and other currency-related crimes, they may do so three times; and for charges related to terrorism and other subversive activities, they may do so five times for a maximum of 12 days. wilaya). BOUTEFLIKA resigned in April 2019, and in December 2019, Algerians elected former Prime Minister Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE as the country's new president. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. Since 2015, the government has imposed additional restrictions on access to foreign exchange for imports, and import quotas for specific products, such as cars. By all unions, and the victim to attend a court proceeding hearing! Moroccan borders are still in dispute law does not explicitly prohibit discrimination with respect employment. Due to similar discrimination installed capacity ( 2020 est, the law for... Installed capacity state province algeria 2020 est sexual orientation, HIV-positive status, or religion Africa, and the sector! To notify and require the accused and the private sector for the accused and the victim to a! 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